To prove the value of self-healing battery concepts, we must show that they improve sustainability and cost over a realistic baseline. HEALING BAT’s WP6 has now completed the Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-economic Assessment (TEA) of the Li-ion battery pack, providing the reference point for all subsequent innovations across materials, sensors/actuators, prototyping and control. This baseline acts as the project’s “north star,” ensuring that every innovation translates into measurable sustainability and economic gains.
The LCA captures impacts across the battery pack’s lifecycle, while the TEA maps production economics and scaling sensitivities. Together, they identify hotspots – from materials to process steps – where HEALING BAT’s “toolbox” can deliver the biggest sustainability and cost wins. This insight now guides decisions on prioritising healing strategies, sensor placements, and system level optimisation. Results now inform the integration plans in WP2/3/4, and the Digital Twin/BMS models in WP5 will use this baseline to quantify incremental gains as we iterate.
The consortium publicly reported this achievement in its 2025 progress recap alongside the first gen self-healing components and the prototype sensor actuator array, signaling that technical and sustainability tracks are advancing in lockstep. This alignment reinforces that HEALING BAT innovations aim not only for performance but also environmental leadership.
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Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.