HEALING BAT has moved from requirements to reality with a 3×3 in‑cell array that measures temperature, pressure, and gas and supports localized heating – now ready for pouch‑cell integration.
What we built
A two‑generation path delivered speed and reliability: first, freestanding polyimide devices (~30 µm) to prove sensing / actuation as well as achieve system-level integration quickly; then embedded arrays built into the cell, using inkjet printed functional layers to define the sensing capabilities including thermistor tracks, graphene/CNT pressure layers, and CuO for selective H₂S). These innovations combine robustness with miniaturisation, enabling precise local in-situ monitoring.
Why it matters
Embedding the array preserves electrochemical performance while placing intelligence where failure starts (i.e. at the interfaces), so the system can sense early and act precisely. The design follows the WP3 requirements for safe voltages, thickness limits, insulation, sealed feedthroughs and an optional power‑line communication route to the BMS, ensuring data flows cleanly to control.
What’s next
Full pouch‑cell validation and the BMS/Digital Twin handshake to close the sense → decide → repair loop, with results shared on the project website as tests complete.
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Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.